Notoginsenoside R1

Oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, hederagenin, ursolic acid, corosolic acid, asiatic acid, β-boswellic acid, glycyrrhetic acid, celastrol, betulin, betulinicaldehyde, betulinic acid, pachymic acid, ganoderic acid B, polygalacic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, lupeol, ginsenosideol F1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rg2, were purchased from Dalian Meilun Company (Beijing, China), ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside R1, Notoginsenoside R1 were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China), ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rh1 were purchased from Chengdu Pfeid Biotech Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China), ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rh4, and ginsenoside F4 were purchased from Chenguang Bio (Handan, China).

The reference standards of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, 20(S)–Rh1, 20(R)-Rh1, Rd, Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, all with a purity ≥98%, were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). EPO was purchased from Chengdu Di'ao Jiuhong Pharmaceutical Factory (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). FEJ was purchased from Shandong Dong'e E'jiao Co., Ltd.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of SPN were performed as previous report (Xiong et al., 2017a). In brief, notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides Rg1, Re, 20(R)-Rh1, Rb1, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3 (Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Sichuan, China) with purity ≧ 98% were used as standard compounds. The analysis was performed on an Agilent 1260HPLC system (Agilent Technologies) equipped with a G1311B Pump, a G4212B DAD detector, and a G1329B autosampler.

Liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, neoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, ononin, naringin, liquiritigenin, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid C, glycyrrhetinic acid, dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rf, isoliquiritigenin, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg5, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rc, formononetin, ginsenoside Rb2, glycyrrhizic acid, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rk1, and atractylenolide III were purchased from Chengdu DeSiTe Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China) or Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).

Acetonitrile of chromatographic grade and ferrous chloride and hydrogen peroxide of analytical grade were purchased from Merck Chemical Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd, Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3 (Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu, China) with a purity ≥ 98% were used as the standard compounds.